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Majapahit
The Majapahit Empire (Javanese: ''Karajan Majapahit'', (インドネシア語:Kerajaan Majapahit)) was a vast archipelagic empire based on the island of Java (modern-day Indonesia) from 1293 to around 1500. Majapahit reached its peak of glory during the era of Hayam Wuruk, whose reign from 1350 to 1389 was marked by conquest which extended through Southeast Asia. His achievement is also credited to his prime minister, Gajah Mada. According to the Nagarakretagama (Desawarñana) written in 1365, Majapahit was an empire of 98 tributaries, stretching from Sumatra to New Guinea;〔(Majapahit Overseas Empire, Digital Atlas of Indonesian History )〕 consisting of present-day Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Brunei, southern Thailand, Sulu Archipelago, Philippines, and East Timor, although the true nature of Majapahit sphere of influence is still the subject of studies among historians.
Majapahit was one of the last major empires of the region and is considered to be one of the greatest and most powerful empires in the history of Indonesia and Southeast Asia, one that is sometimes seen as the precedent for Indonesia's modern boundaries.〔 Its influence extended beyond the modern territory of Indonesia and has been the subject of many studies.〔Prapantja, Rakawi, trans. by Theodore Gauthier Pigeaud, ''Java in the 14th Century, A Study in Cultural History: The Negara-Kertagama by Rakawi Prapanca of Majapahit, 1365 AD'' (The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff, 1962), vol. 4, p. 29. 34〕〔G.J. Resink, ''Indonesia’s History Between the Myths: Essays in Legal History and Historical Theory' (The Hague: W. van Hoeve, 1968), p. 21.〕
==Etymology==
The name ''Majapahit'' derives from local Javanese, meaning "bitter ''maja''". German orientalist Berthold Laufer suggested that ''maja'' came from the Javanese name of ''Aegle marmelos'', an Indonesian tree.〔The Brunei Museum journal, Volume 4, Issue 1 – Page 192〕 The name originally referred to the area in and around Trowulan, the cradle of Majapahit, which was linked to the establishment of a village in Tarik timberland by Raden Wijaya. It was said that the workers clearing the Tarik timberland encountered some bael trees and consumed its bitter-tasting fruit that subsequently become the village's name.〔 In ancient Java it is common to refer the kingdom with its capital's name. Majapahit (sometimes also spelled ''Mojopait'') is also known by other names: ''Wilwatikta'', although sometimes the natives refer to their kingdom as ''Bhumi Jawa'' or ''Mandala Jawa'' instead.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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